Guide to Computer Repairs and Maintenance

Common computer problems like system crashes and sluggish performance ruin productivity and cause tempers to flair. So whether you’re a student, small business owner, or everyday computing enthusiast, a properly functioning PC should be a top priority.

The good news is that with a little know-how, a layperson can safely perform many computer repairs at home. We’ll show you the ropes in this comprehensive computer troubleshooting guide.

Common Computer Problems & How to Fix Them

We’ve whipped up a list of the most prevalent PC issues and how to resolve them.

Slow system performance

Sloth-like performance and lengthy load times could be due to numerous things.

• Excessive multi-tasking: You might be running too many apps simultaneously. Use Windows Task Manager or Mac Activity Monitor to identify resource-hungry apps.
• Insufficient hardware: Your processor, RAM, or graphics card mightn’t be up to the task. Identify the bottleneck with Task Manager/ Activity Monitor and upgrade the relevant component.
• Malware: Your computer could be infected with a nasty, resource-hogging virus. Update your anti-virus software and run a full system scan.
• Clogged temporary files: Computers left on for too long become lethargic. Reboot your PC frequently to clear temporary files, refresh the operating system, and free up resources.
• Fragmented files: Hard Disk Drives (HDD) become fragmented with time, leading to poor performance. Try defragging your HDD—it’s not necessary for a Solid State Drive (SSD).
• Overflowing storage: An overstuffed storage drive can result in poor performance. Delete files and apps until you have at least 10-20% free space.

Overheating

Overheating is an all-too-common PC problem, especially in computers with piping-hot GPUs.

• Excessive resource consumption: Demanding apps and games can cause your PC to overheat. Shut them down for an instant fix. Our aforementioned slow performance tips can free up resources and reduce overheating.  
• Excessive browser tabs: Likewise, browser tabs and extensions chew up system resources. Open new tabs selectively and close them as you stop needing them.  
• Malfunctioning fans: To check your fans are working, listen for them whirring into motion upon start-up, feel your PC for vibrations, and look for movement inside the vents with a torch.
• Clogged vents: Clogged vents can inhibit airflow and cause overheating. Clean out any dust with a can of compressed air and leave 10cm of clearance beside the vents.
• Switch on power-saving mode: This setting reduces strain on your resources, thus reducing heat. The downside is inhibited performance.

System freezes

A hang or freeze occurs when a computer fails to respond to input. As it commonly stems from clogged temporary files, start by rebooting your PC. Next, scan for malware and use Windows System File Checker or Mac Check Disk Health to identify corrupt system files.

Truncated or low-resolution screen

Truncated or low-resolution displays often stem from a graphics card issue. Your first step should be upgrading the GPU drivers. You might be able to do this through Windows Device Manager or Mac System Information. Otherwise, try the manufacturer’s website.

Loud noises

Moving parts such as an HDD or cooling fans make a racket when they malfunction. Switch your PC off, crack open the case, and switch it back on to hear what’s making the noise. Fans are simple enough to replace with a screwdriver; other components, not so much.

PC isn’t powering on

Check all the cables are plugged in properly and that the relevant power point is switched on. Test the cables and power point with another device to ensure they’re working. Try holding the power button down for 30 seconds to see if anything happens.

No luck? There’s a good chance your PC has a faulty power supply.

Common Program Issues & Software Troubleshooting

Problems can plague specific software applications. Here’s a list of common program issues and how to fix them.

Out-of-date applications

Software manufacturers frequently release updates to improve functionality and squash bugs. Check for updates within the app.

Incompatible applications

Not all apps are compatible with all operating systems; the issue is especially prevalent on old, outdated PCs. Check the manufacturer website to determine whether the app is compatible with your operating system. If not, try a different app, update your OS, or get a newer PC.

Poor application performance and/or frequent crashes

A poorly performing app could be due to bugs, installation errors, or corrupted files. Try uninstalling the app and reinstalling it again. Back up any important data first.

Unresponsive software

When a program only freezes occasionally, you may prefer to close and reopen it with Task Manager/Activity Monitor rather than troubleshoot a solution. 

Blue Screen of Death (BSOD)

If you’re lucky, a simple restart may be all it takes to save your PC.

However, the sad reality is the dreaded BSOD usually comes from malfunctioning hardware. Look up the BSOD stop codes with your phone to get a rough understanding of the problem. Booting in safe mode may help resolve software-related BSOD problems.

Diagnosing Hardware Issues & Hardware Upgrades

Many PC problems arise from underperforming or downright broken hardware. Depending on the situation, it may be worth updating components individually or replacing the entire PC.

Trouble multi-tasking

If your PC runs well except when multi-tasking, chances are you don’t have enough RAM. Task Manager/Activity Monitor shows how your short-term memory performs while running various apps.

Slow boot-up and load times

HDDs perform worse than SSDs. Upgrading your storage will lead to speedier load times.  

Poor-performing processor

An underpowered central processing unit (CPU) results in poor performance in the operating system and all your apps.

One option is to overclock the CPU, which means pushing it beyond official limits. But overclocking can lead to instability and overheating.  Alternatively, upgrade the CPU or your entire PC.

Failure to boot

A computer that fails to boot could have a broken motherboard, a faulty hard drive, or malfunctioning RAM. First, check the power supply and boot the PC in safe mode.

Cracked screens

A cracked screen requires a replacement, which is easy for a trained technician, but tricky for the Average Joe.  

DIY Computer Repair Tools

Any self-respecting computer DIYer will need the tools of the trade. After all, using unsuitable equipment could damage your delicate PC—don’t wipe down circuit boards with a wet cloth!

• Precision screwdrivers: These tiny little screwdrivers are small enough to open a PC’s tiny little screws. You may need some regular screwdrivers too.
• Screws: Losing minuscule screws is super easy, so it’s worth having a few spares of different sizes at hand.
• A can of compressed air: Blast dust away from fragile internal components with the magic of compressed air. This handy unit is ideal for cleaning vents and circuit boards.
• Anti-static wrist strap: This simple strap reduces the likelihood of your hands emitting static electricity and wrecking delicate components.

Preventive Computer Maintenance Tips

Much like a motor vehicle, preventative maintenance helps optimise performance and protect your PC. Take the following steps to keep your computer in tip-top shape.

• Update your operating system and apps
• Shutdown and restart the PC regularly
• Purge unnecessary files and uninstall disused apps
• Run regular anti-virus scans
• Periodically clean the vents with compressed air
• Shake loose debris out of your keyboard and clean the keys with compressed air and a damp cloth
• Use strong passwords and maintain them via a password manager
• Back up your data on an external drive or cloud storage service
• Maintain 10-20% of free space on your storage drive
• Don’t overload power strips

When to Contact a Professional

Attempting a DIY computer repair is a great way to save money and build your IT expertise. We’ve covered the essentials in this guide, and you’ll find plenty more step-by-step tutorials on our blog.  

However, there comes a time when even the most tech-savvy DIYer requires professional help. If you feel out of your depth, it’s probably time to call an expert. After all, fiddling with operating system settings or damaging internal components can have serious consequences.

Unless you’ve got elite PC-fixing skills, it’s probably best to avoid the following repairs.

• Hardware upgrades (depending on the part).
• Data recovery.
• Complex network troubleshooting and repairs.
• Cleaning the inside of your computer, including fans.

Contact the Team at Geeks2U

Need help repairing a PC? Geeks2U is a quick phone call away. Our highly trained Geeks know how to fix every PC problem and can deliver professional computer repair services directly to your door.

FAQs

• What are the most common computer problems, and how can I fix them?

  Most PC issues boil down to a lack of resources, so try closing apps to free up resources.

• How often should I perform preventive maintenance on my computer?

  Aim to run virus scans weekly and clean your PC monthly.

• What are the signs that my computer needs a repair?

  Slow performance, overheating, frequent crashes, and the Blue Screen of Death may indicate your PC needs a repair.

• What tools do I need for basic computer repairs?

  Precision screwdrivers, an anti-static wristband and compressed air are essential for repairing and cleaning internal components.

• Can I repair my computer myself, or should I seek professional help?

  Tech-savvy people can attempt simple repairs. Complex repairs typically require a professional technician.

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